Jacobus+Henricus+van+'t+Hoff

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  =__ //  Jacobus   Henricus      van't Hoff      // __=

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**__Personal History__**
 Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff was born on August 30, 1852 in Rotter Dam, Netherlands        as the third of seven children and son of Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Sr. a physician, and Alida Jacoba Kolff. <span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(39,252,45); BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(37,220,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(71,138,30)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"> In 1869       <span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(39,252,45); BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(37,220,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(71,138,30)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">   <span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(92,210,20)">   <span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">he studied at the polytechnic at Delft,      and later studied at the university of Leiben in 1871. He had also studied with people such as <span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(78,200,4)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(21,204,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(71,138,30)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">F. A. Kekule at Bonn         <span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(78,200,4)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(21,204,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">in<span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">      <span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">1872, and with      <span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">          <span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(78,200,4)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(21,204,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(71,138,30)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">C. A. Wurtz at Paris         <span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(78,200,4)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(21,204,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">in 1873. In     <span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">1874 he took his doctor's degree with E. Mulder at Utrecht. In     <span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">1876 he then became lecturer on physics at the veterinary school at Utrecht. In     <span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">1878 he was chosen professor of chemistry, mineralogy and geology in Amsterdam Unive<span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">rsity      , however <span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">in 1894 he declined an invitation to the chair of physics at Berlin University.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">In 1896 he went to Berlin as professor to the Prussian Academy of Sciences with a salary and a laboratory, but also possessed the freedom to do whatever he liked. He then accepted an honorary professorship in the university so that he might give lectures whenever he wanted. <span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(78,200,4)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(21,204,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(39,252,45); BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(37,220,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(71,138,30)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">On March 1st, 1911 he had           <span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(78,200,4)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(21,204,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(39,252,45); BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(37,220,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(71,138,30)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">died            <span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(78,200,4)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(21,204,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(39,252,45); BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(37,220,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(71,138,30)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">in Steglitz, Berlin, Germany as a result of            <span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(78,200,4)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(21,204,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(39,252,45); BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(37,220,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(71,138,30)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">tuberculosis            <span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(78,200,4)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(21,204,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(3,199,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(158,255,97)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(76,251,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(54,214,31)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(103,253,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(39,252,45); BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(37,220,9)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(71,138,30)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(9,255,5)">at age of 58.

<span class="WikiPageMenuTitle WikiElement" style="DISPLAY: block; FONT-SIZE: 270%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="COLOR: rgb(37,7,237)">

__**Interesting Facts**__
<span style="COLOR: rgb(37,7,237)">
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)">Before receiving his doctorate, he had already published the first of his important contributions to organic chemistry
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)">He was a lover of nature and frequently took part in the botanical excursions and he enjoyed the mountains in the area taking long walks in company or alone
 * In 1878 he had married Johanna Francina Mees. They had two daughters, Johanna Francina in 1880 and Aleida Jacoba in 1882 as well as two sons. Jacobus Hendricus in 1883 and Govert Jacob in 1889.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)">The van 't Hoff factor is a unit less, empirical constant related to the degree of dissociation of the solute
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)">Van 't Hoff became famous through his contribution to stereo chemistry
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)">Van 't Hoff was to become world-famous with his structural theory, but he did not win the Nobel Prize for it
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)">Van ‘t Hoff’s theory was received with cautious optimism by many chemists, although few came out for it in public early on.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(234,50,6)">He was the winner of the first Nobel Prize award in Chemistry in 1901 during peak of his career

**__Major Experiments, Contributions, or Discoveries__**

 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">He discovered the laws of chemical dynamics and of osmotic pressure.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">He researched on <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, osmotic pressure and crystallography. [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Jacobus_Hendricus_van_%27t_Hoff.jpg/180px-Jacobus_Hendricus_van_%27t_Hoff.jpg width="180" height="275" align="right" link="http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/3/3a/180px-Jacobus_Hendricus_van_'t_Hoff.jpg"]]
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">His major work was on crystallography, and crystallography <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">is the experimental science of determining the arran <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">gement of atoms in solids, but in older usage of the word then it is the study of crystals.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">He discovered osmotic pressure when he was working on his last years on <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">inorganic salt.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">He started combined older attempts to represent atoms by geometric symbols with Kekulé's teaching of a quadrival <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">ent carbon atom.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">Jacobus Henricus Van't Hoff's theory was substances that shows optical rota­tion <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">do so because of the asymmetric structure of their molecules.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">The University of Amsterdam offered him its pro­fessorship in chemistry.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">In 1884 he published his research on chemical kinetics, naming it //Études de Dynamique chimique// (//"Studies in Chemical Dynamics"//).
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">In 1885 he was appointed member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">In 1893 he was awarded with the Davy medal of the Royal Society.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">In 1894 <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">he was also appointed Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (Chevalier of the Legion of Honor).
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">He got the <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">honorary doctorates of Harvard and Yale in 1901, Victoria University, Manchester in 1903, Heidelberg in 1908.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(66,0,255)">He won the Nobel Prize in 1901 for Chemistry, the first year was when the Nobel Prizes were distributed.

Here is an equation that was first derived from Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff

Here is a video showing osmotic pressure using a gummy bear.

media type="youtube" key="0fJmqY8vBK8&hl=en&fs=1" height="344" width="425"

__References:__
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. September 24, 2008. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. September 25, 2008. <[|**http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_' t_Hoff**]>.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)"> __Jacobus H. van't Hoff - Bibliography__. Nobel Lectures. Elsevier Publishing Company. September 22, 2008 <<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)">[|**http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ chemistry/laureates/1901/hoff-bio.html**] >. __J H van t Hoff - Factbites__. September 26, 2008. <<span style="COLOR: rgb(25,4,205)">[|**http://www.factbites.com/topics/J-H-van-t-Hoff**] >.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,255)"> //Created by: Jeffrey Go and Tommy Quach Block A//