Michael+Faraday




 * Course:** Chemistry 11, Block A
 * Group Members**: **Shirley Bi, Szeki Ho, Wynee Leung,  Gabriel Matias   **
 * Chemist: ** Michael Faraday



=   <span style="color: rgb(168, 1, 203)"><span style="color: rgb(158, 14, 180)"> <span style="color: rgb(246, 35, 128); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">**<span style="color: rgb(118, 8, 175)"><span style="color: rgb(133, 7, 171)"><span style="color: rgb(118, 8, 175)">Michael Faraday: The  <span style="color: rgb(133, 7, 171)"><span style="color: rgb(118, 8, 175)"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">__Scientific__  //<span style="color: rgb(255, 15, 15)">Beast // <span style="color: rgb(118, 8, 175)">of a Man  **    = <span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"> <span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"><span style="display: block; color: rgb(74, 5, 143); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center">   <span style="display: block; color: rgb(242, 28, 161); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left"><span style="display: block; color: rgb(178, 118, 213); text-align: left"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"><span style="color: rgb(74, 74, 74)"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span style="color: rgb(178, 118, 213)"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)">Michael Faraday was born on September 22, 1791, in Newington, Surrey, England. His family was on the lower end of the middle class, and the Faraday children only had basic education. Luckily, he was able to educate himself by reading scientific books during the seven years of apprenticeship <span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)">to a bookbinder.

During this apprenticeship, Faraday developed interest in <span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)">science, <span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)">chemistry in <span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)">particular. <span style="color: rgb(69, 0, 133)"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"> In 1812, four lectures were given by the chemist Humphrey Davy at the Royal Institution, in which Faraday attended and took notes. Later in the year, he presented them to Davy asking for a position in science. Davy interviewed him, but said he had no position available. Fortunately for Faraday, in 1813 there was a fight resulting in the dismissal of the Chemical Assistant, so Davy was asked to find a replacement for him. He remembered Faraday and called him for a second interview, after which was that Faraday was appointed Chemical Assistant at the Royal Institution on March 1, 1813, in which, he started a second apprenticeship for chemistry.

For most of the 1810s and 1820s, Faraday worked under Davy's replacement, William Thomas Brande. However, between October 1813 and April 1815, Faraday accompanied Davy, as his assistant, on a scientific tour of the Continent. On that tour they visited Paris; Italy where they met the aged Alessandro Volta; visited Mt. Vesuvius; and Davy was able to decompose a diamond into carbon.

Back in England, Faraday went back to being a Chemical Assistant at the Royal Institution and continued to learn science from Brande, and occasionally, Davy. He had helped Davy with the Miner's Safety Lamp in 1816 and 1817. Between 1818 and 1822, he worked with James Stoddart* in improving the quality of steel. Faraday was promoted the Superintendent of the House on <span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)">May 21st, 1821. Faraday married Sarah Barnard, a member of one of the leading Sandemanian* families in London, on June 2nd 1821.In 1824, Faraday was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1824, appointed director of the laboratory in 1825; and in 1833 he was <span style="color: rgb(112, 0, 163)">appointed Fullerian professor of chemistry in the institution for life, without the obligation to deliver lectures. <span style="color: rgb(87, 174, 255)"> <span style="display: block; color: rgb(74, 5, 143); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center"> <span style="color: rgb(246, 35, 128); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">  <span style="display: block; color: rgb(242, 28, 161); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left"><span style="display: block; color: rgb(178, 118, 213); text-align: left">     <span style="display: block; color: rgb(242, 28, 161); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left"> <span style="color: rgb(66, 91, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">In 1821, Faraday discovered electro-magnetic rotations, which was the principle behind the electric motor. In the 1820s, Faraday liquefied several gases and discovered benzene.

<span style="color: rgb(66, 91, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">Much of Faraday's time in the late 1820s was spent on working on a project to improve optical glass for the Admiralty, so it wasn't until 1831 that he was able to return to his research on electricity. His discovery of electro-magnetic induction in 1831 commenced a remarkable decade of work. Amongst other things, he rewrote the theory of electro chemistry and established his laws of electrolysis. In 1836, he built the Faraday cage which showed that measurements of electric charge depended on the electrical state of the observer. This observation led Faraday to develop his theory that electricity was the result of varying magnetic forces between particles rather than a fluid, as previously supposed.

In 1855, Faraday's brainpower was failing but still experimented. The results were dissatisfying and the Royal Society didn't publish the results. Faraday was getting older and mentally less acute. As a reward for his lifetime works, Queen Victoria allowed him to use a house at Hampton Court which he accepted gratefully but didn't accept being an honorable knight. After working for 50 years with the Royal Institution, Faraday stopped. On August 25, 1867 he died and was buried at High gate Cemetery, London.

<span style="font-family: georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif"> || - He also plotted the magnetic field around a conductor// || - Michael Faraday also observes a moving magnet inducing in an electric current - Invents the electric dynamo and the electric transformer - Faraday states his Law of Induction// || - Explains his Laws of electrolysis - As well as stating his Law of Electrolysis// || - He discovers that external magnetic fields can influence light propagation in a material// ||
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(198, 84, 248)">**September 22 1797 CE** == || <span style="color: rgb(59, 103, 247)">//An English physicist and chemist, Michael Faraday was born// ||
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(93, 194, 249)">**October 27 1813 CE** == || <span style="color: rgb(182, 126, 246)">//Faraday was an assistant for Humphrey Davy who had a special privilege from Napoleon to travel across France with Faraday. They traveled investigating his theory of volcanic action//
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(198, 84, 248)"><span style="color: rgb(198, 84, 248)"><span style="color: rgb(198, 84, 248)">**1821 CE**  == || <span style="color: rgb(59, 103, 247)">//- Michael Faraday invents the first electric motor
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(93, 194, 249)">1823 CE == || <span style="color: rgb(182, 126, 246)">//Michael Faraday liquefies chlorine// ||
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(198, 84, 248)">1831 CE == || <span style="color: rgb(59, 103, 247)">//- Electromagnetic induction was discovered
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(93, 194, 249)">1832 CE == || <span style="color: rgb(182, 126, 246)">//- Adopted the word 'ion' for his belief in currents responsible for carrying current
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(198, 84, 248)">1833 CE == || <span style="color: rgb(59, 103, 247)">//He now develops the Law of Electrolysis// ||
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(93, 194, 249)">1845 CE == || <span style="color: rgb(182, 126, 246)">//- Faraday observes by magnetism, the rotation of polarized light
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(198, 84, 248)">1850 CE == || <span style="color: rgb(59, 103, 247)">//Michael Faraday was trying the find the link between gravity and electromagnetism by performing experiments, but it failed// ||
 * ==<span style="color: rgb(93, 194, 249)">**August 25 1867 CE** == || <span style="color: rgb(182, 126, 246)">//The English physicist and chemist dies in a place where he lived all his lifetime, in England// ||



=<span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">**<span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)"><span style="display: block; color: rgb(242, 28, 161); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left">Interesting Facts: **<span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)">  =

<span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)">He was quite a handsome young chap.

He had four brothers and sisters. No wonder his family was not well off.

He was a triple threat. Michael Faraday was a chemist, a physicist, and an author! The smart cookie can write.

Even though he served as an apprentice for seven years, he did not like bookbinding at all. Who would have thought?

After succeeding Davy, he received a pension of 300 pounds a year. No longer was his family sucking on bark after that!

- Faraday's first experiment with electricity and magnetism was on July 12 1812. It was also the first experiment to be recorded and it was the construction of voltaic pile with seven halfpence pieces staked together with seven disks of sheet zinc and six pieces of paper moistened with salt water. In conclusion, the pile decomposed sulphate of magnesia - The invention known as the " mutual induction " was Faraday's big discovery. He discovered that current passed through the two insulated coils of wire around an iron ring. Also he discovered that there was current induced in the other one.

He was a pacifist. He did not use his knowledge to help create tools of destruction. <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)"> He declined to help the military. <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)">He was asked to create poisonous gases for the Crimean War and declined. <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)">Imagine the pressure that was on him! <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)"> The unit of electrical capacitance was named a **//farad//** in honour of the one and only Michael **//Farad//**ay <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">.

<span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)">The charge on a mole of electrons (around 96,485 coulombs) <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)"> was named the  <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)"> Faraday constant  <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)">, also in honour of him.

In June 1832, the University of Oxford approved Faraday to have an honourary Civil Law Degree <span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(56, 173, 255)">.

The man has his face on twenty pound bank notes centuries after his death. Although sadly they are no longer being printed, having your face on legal tender definitely says something about your place in history. <span style="color: rgb(66, 91, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"> <span style="display: block; color: rgb(242, 28, 161); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left"><span style="color: rgb(0, 168, 255); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">    <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span style="display: block; color: rgb(242, 28, 161); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left">**References:** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">  [|[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/faraday_michael.shtml]] <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"><span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"> [|[http://www.cksinfo.com/clipart/people/famouspeople/science/Michael-Faraday.png]] <span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"> [|[http://www.corrosio n-doctors.org/Biographies/FaradayBio.htm]<span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">] <span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday<span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">] <span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">[ http://www.rigb.org/contentControl?action=displayContent&id=00000000015<span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">]   <span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">[ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Faraday_signature_small.jpg<span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif">] <span style="display: block; color: rgb(242, 28, 161); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left"><span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103); font-family: tahoma,Helvetica,sans-serif"> <span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103)"> [ http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SCfaraday.htm<span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103)"> ] <span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103)"> [ http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/ci/1992/Faraday.html<span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103)"> ] <span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103)"> [ [|http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money1.htm]<span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103)"> ] <span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103)"> [ [|http://people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/faraday.htm]<span style="color: rgb(134, 45, 103)"> ] <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 252, 0)">